This show is a rebroadcast of an important interview with Meir Statman, noted and well-respected behavioral economist.
This show is a rebroadcast of an important interview with Meir Statman, noted and well-respected behavioral economist.
Is it possible to save for retirement using a cookie jar? Not in the academic sense. But as an exercise, nothing beats how fast some collections of cash can grow almost as if they were generating more simply by sitting there. Now the cookie jar imagery can easily be replaced by a large bottle with a slim opening (all the better to keep grazing hands out of it), but the concept of saving a little each day, even if it is only change, puts a realistic stamp on how much money you may be leaving out of your retirement.
Read enough about what the future will look like if you have not put enough money to work for you and the picture often seems bleaker than it need be. This is mostly the result of the way our brains work. If you hide the truth, or if you fail to paint the picture, the brain simply won’t hold on to the image of that future. Problem is, most of us are not scared enough. What we need is tangible.
The cookie jar retirement plan is for illustrative purposes only. But worth the try. Find a jar, any one will do and on day one, find every piece of loose change and stray dollar floating around wherever you live. Each day, empty any currency cast-offs into the jar – and it is surprising how much loose change our pockets and purses are burdened with, weighing us down. Do this every day for a month.
Then take this cash to the bank. You might be in for somewhat of a surprise. Why? Just as behavioral economists and researchers study what is known as payment coupling (a term used for the process of buying something and the actual payment for it – different than payment form, which is the way you pay, i.e. cash, credit card), the reverse of this is well illustrated in the saving coupling. The mere act of putting loose change in a jar adds a mental and physical act to the process of keeping this loose currency in one place. And turning it into cash couples the process with the changing loose coins into hard paper currency.
The hard part is fighting the urge to spend it. Instead, embrace what was once an annoying weight in your pocket and put it forward for your future. If you are average, each month will represent about $50. That’s $600 a year. But here is the magic in this number.
$50 a month or $600 a year invested at a relatively modest 4% (this might be in a simple index fund) and done faithfully for 20 years would provide you with over $2200 annually for 10 years in retirement. The same $600 in loose change, grown and nurtured turns into a $2200 a year payday. Doesn’t seem like much and it doesn’t account for inflation or taxes or anything else. But the point of the illustration is to show you what nothing can turn into – and loose change is often considered cast-off cash of little value.
Most of us create quite a lot more change each month. So is the cookie jar retirement plan a viable alternative to payroll deductions into a 401(k) plan? No and you should make as much a contribution there as possible. But this is essentially tax free money left on the table (and under the cushions, rolling around in drawers and nestling in our pockets with cellphones and keys) that should be in a Roth IRA. That same bank you took the coins to be counted will be more than happy to begin the account or provide you with the transfer paperwork when you open the Roth IRA at a mutual fund company.
In a recent Wall Street Journal article penned by Jason Zweig, he looks at the ability of trained, professional analysts to make a prediction about where the stock market is headed in the coming year. The goal he points out is to not be too wrong and not be too right, a sort of Goldilocks approach that wants to be somewhere in the middle – a sort of don’t-fire-me zone.
When prognosticators look forward, they have little else to base their assumptions on than what happened in the past. Making correlations with what you know reflects almost a superstitious divining of the future. Sort of “the market tanked the day the crows gathered on the power line outside my office window” omen that is not much better than examining technical indicators or past performance as a window into the future.
He laments that: “First and foremost, the future is the realm of surprises; no one, no matter how expert, can reliably foresee what will happen and how people will react to it.” And this is coming from people who have so much data at their disposal that seeing forward a month from now should be easy. Truth is, a month can make the difference and unwind all of the year-long guesses these experts might make.
Computers have made the job easier and harder. You can feed them with information and through cold, hard clinical analysis tell the person who fed the info what to expect. Yet somewhere between that point and the telling, the explanation changes. Zweig blames it on intellectual emphasis, a kind of on-the-spot interpretation of what the data revealed. Wall Street has long known of this human/technical diversion and made light of the game.
Tom Stark of Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia manages a database of information on the subject of predictions aptly titled the Survey of Professional Forecasters, has found that there are simply too many variables at play in any given year, the prognosticators inability to separate now from then, and lastly, the gnawing feeling that somehow, something was missed. As Lao Tzu once wrote: “Those who have knowledge, don’t predict. Those who predict, have no knowledge.”
So where does that leave us, the intrepid investor looking to make a retirement plan that will work in a future we can’t even imagine? We want to predict but we have no knowledge about so many things – inflation, taxes, market performance, the global economy, the pressure of our own household, our health, etc. How can we possibly hope to develop a plan that resembles something more than a scribble on an Etcha-sketch?
In truth, we can’t. At least not with any accuracy. That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try. In the current thinking, we have changed from the pursuit of getting as much as possible to getting enough to survive on. More would be better, but experience has taught us that chasing that concept can put us in harm’s way of more risk than we needed.
And risk, they suggest in this decumulative approach, might be good for gaining assets but it puts those assets on the line each day. Decumulation looks at predicting how much you will need to retire; not how you will need to amass that number. It removes risk and replaces it with working longer.
And risk adds costs. With the focus on fees – which in itself is not a bad thing at all – but forces us to gravitate towards less risky investments. Cheaper yes but less risk means fewer rewards.
So how do we get from point A (right now) to point B (10, 20,30 or 40-years into the future)? You have to understand that it is not a linear journey. It is not a straightline that suggests if you do this, the result will be predictable. We want the journey to be blue skies and long stretch of highway. And if that is the analogy you want to use, let’s take it.
Blue skies are great. But in a journey of any duration, the sun will either start at your back and be in your eyes by nightfall or the other way around. It will distract oncoming traffic until it distracts you. So blue skies are nice, but subtle shades of grey make the journey much more doable for you and any traffic you might encounter.
A long-stretch of highway is filled with potential. Although we don’t and can’t predict whether our car will get us there without problems. We can see the gas gauge and understand the needs of the passengers for the occasional pit stop so stopping at some point, taking a breather is expected, even anticipated.
So if the journey to retirement is the same as that – or something we perceive to be like that, shouldn’t we plan on making the occasional stop to reevaluate, readjust or simply take a look at where we have been and where we are headed. If the sky is too blue, we should worry about whether we need some sort of protection from the glare. The highway too straight might let monotony set in and cause us to doze off.
All you can predict with such a journey is that you will arrive. The same with retirement and your plan. The only prediction you can make is you’ll get there. But you can’t get there without the occasional review of how. So stop playing with the calculators. Stop looking for someone to predict the future. These are tools to help you check the gas in the tank and the quality of the road you travel. You are the journey. Your money is the car. And the future is only recognizable once it arrives. You are the answer.